Section 1232 of this title, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), was in the original a reference to section 431 of the General Education Provisions Act. Sections 422 and 431 of that Act were renumbered as sections 431 and 437, respectively, by Pub. L. 103–382, title II, § 212(b)(1), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3913, and are classified to sections 1231a and 1232, respectively, of this title.

The Student Loan Reform Act of 1993, referred to in subsec. (a)(2), is subtitle A (§§ 4011–4047) of title IV of Pub. L. 103–66, Aug. 10, 1993, 106 Stat. 341. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1993 Amendments note set out under section 1001 of this title and Tables.

1993—Pub. L. 103–66 amended section generally, substituting provisions relating to regulatory activities for former provisions relating to loan collection functions under competitive procurement contracts.

Section effective Oct. 1, 1992, see section 2 of Pub. L. 102–325, set out as an Effective Date of 1992 Amendment note under section 1001 of this title.