2005—Subsec. (h)(2)(B). Pub. L. 109–135 substituted “subparagraphs” for “subparagraph” in introductory provisions.

1999—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 106–36, in last sentence, substituted “assumed (as determined under section 357 (d)) a liability of the taxpayer” for “assumed a liability of the taxpayer or acquired from the taxpayer property subject to a liability” and struck out “or acquisition (in the amount of the liability)” after “such assumption”.

1997—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 105–34 amended heading and text of subsec. (h) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “For purposes of this section, real property located in the United States and real property located outside the United States are not property of a like kind.”

1990—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 101–508, § 11703(d)(1), inserted at end “For purposes of this section, an interest in a partnership which has in effect a valid election under section 761 (a) to be excluded from the application of all of subchapter K shall be treated as an interest in each of the assets of such partnership and not as an interest in a partnership.”

Subsec. (f)(3). Pub. L. 101–508, § 11701(h), substituted “section 267 (b) or 707 (b)(1)” for “section 267 (b)”.

1989—Subsecs. (f) to (h). Pub. L. 101–239 added subsecs. (f) to (h).

1986—Subsec. (a)(3)(A). Pub. L. 99–514 substituted “on or before the day” for “before the day”.

1984—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 98–369, § 77(a), in amending subsec. generally, designated existing provisions as par. (1), substituted “No gain or loss shall be recognized on the exchange of property held for productive use in a trade or business or for investment if such property is exchanged solely for property of like kind which is to be held either for productive use in a trade or business or for investment” for “No gain or loss shall be recognized if property held for productive use in trade or business or for investment (not including stock in trade or other property held primarily for sale, nor stocks, bonds, notes, choses in action, certificates of trust or beneficial interest, or other securities or evidences of indebtedness or interest) is exchanged solely for property of a like kind to be held either for productive use in trade or business or for investment”, and added pars. (2) and (3).

1969—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 91–172 added subsec. (e).

1959—Subsecs. (b) to (d). Pub. L. 86–346 inserted references to section 1037 (a) in subsecs. (b) and (c) and in first two sentences of subsec. (d).

1958—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 85–866 inserted in first sentence a comma between “exchanged” and “decreased” and “or decreased in the amount of loss”, and substituted in second sentence “subsection” for “paragraph”.

Amendment by Pub. L. 106–36 applicable to transfers after Oct. 18, 1998, see section 3001(e) of Pub. L. 106–36, set out as a note under section 351 of this title.

Section 1052(b) of Pub. L. 105–34 provided that:

“(1) In general.—The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to transfers after June 8, 1997, in taxable years ending after such date.

“(2) Binding contracts.—The amendment made by this section shall not apply to any transfer pursuant to a written binding contract in effect on June 8, 1997, and at all times thereafter before the disposition of property. A contract shall not fail to meet the requirements of the preceding sentence solely because—

“(A) it provides for a sale in lieu of an exchange, or

“(B) the property to be acquired as replacement property was not identified under such contract before June 9, 1997.”

Section 11701(h) of Pub. L. 101–508 provided that the amendment made by that section is effective with respect to transfers after Aug. 3, 1990.

Section 11703(d)(2) of Pub. L. 101–508 provided that: “The amendment made by paragraph (1) [amending this section] shall apply to transfers after July 18, 1984.”

Section 7601(b) of Pub. L. 101–239 provided that:

“(1) In general.—Except as provided in paragraph (2), the amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to transfers after July 10, 1989, in taxable years ending after such date.

“(2) Binding contract.—The amendments made by this section shall not apply to any transfer pursuant to a written binding contract in effect on July 10, 1989, and at all times thereafter before the transfer.”

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–514 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provisions of the Tax Reform Act of 1984, Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, to which such amendment relates, see section 1881 of Pub. L. 99–514, set out as a note under section 48 of this title.

Section 77(b) of Pub. L. 98–369, as amended by Pub. L. 99–514, § 2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095, provided that:

“(1) In general.—Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, the amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to transfers made after the date of the enactment of this Act [July 18, 1984] in taxable years ending after such date.

“(2) Binding contract exception for transfer of partnership interests.—Paragraph (2)(D) of section 1031(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [formerly I.R.C. 1954] (as amended by subsection (a)) shall not apply in the case of any exchange pursuant to a binding contract in effect on March 1, 1984, and at all times thereafter before the exchange.

“(3) Requirement that property be identified within 45 days and that exchange be completed within 180 days.—Paragraph (3) of section 1031(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (as amended by subsection (a)) shall apply—

“(A) to transfers after the date of the enactment of this Act [July 18, 1984], and

“(B) to transfers on or before such date of enactment if the property to be received in the exchange is not received before January 1, 1987.

“(4) Special rule where property identified in binding contract.—If the property to be received in the exchange is identified in a binding contract in effect on June 13, 1984, and at all times thereafter before the transfer, paragraph (3) shall be applied—

“(A) by substituting ‘January 1, 1989’ for ‘January 1, 1987’, and

“(B) by substituting ‘January 1, 1990’ for ‘January 1, 1988’.

“(5) Special rule for like-kind exchange of partnership interests.—Paragraph (2)(D) of section 1031(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (as amended by subsection (a)) shall not apply to any exchange of an interest as general partner pursuant to a plan of reorganization of ownership interest under a contract which took effect on March 29, 1984, and which was executed on or before March 31, 1984, but only if all the exchanges contemplated by the reorganization plan are completed on or before December 31, 1984.”

Section 212(c)(2) of Pub. L. 91–172, as amended by Pub. L. 99–514, § 2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095, provided that: “The amendment made by paragraph (1) [amending this section] shall apply to taxable years to which the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [formerly I.R.C. 1954] applies.”

Amendment by Pub. L. 86–346 effective for taxable years ending after Sept. 22, 1959, see section 203 of Pub. L. 86–346, set out as an Effective Date note under section 1037 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 85–866 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1953, and ending after Aug. 16, 1954, see section 1(c)(1) of Pub. L. 85–866, set out as a note under section 165 of this title.

For provisions directing that if any amendments made by subtitle A or subtitle C of title XI [§§ 1101–1147 and 1171–1177] or title XVIII [§§ 1800–1899A] of Pub. L. 99–514 require an amendment to any plan, such plan amendment shall not be required to be made before the first plan year beginning on or after Jan. 1, 1989, see section 1140 of Pub. L. 99–514, as amended, set out as a note under section 401 of this title.