Based on title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §§ 41(3) and 371 (4) (Mar. 3, 1911, ch. 231, §§ 24, par. 3, 256, par. 4, 36 Stat. 1091, 1160; Oct. 6, 1917, ch. 97, § 1, 40 Stat. 395; June 10, 1922, ch. 216, § 1, 42 Stat. 634).

Section consolidates certain provisions of sections 41 (3) and 371 (4) of title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed. Other provisions of such sections are incorporated in section 1333 of this title.

Changes were made in arrangement and phrase­ology.

1980—Pub. L. 96–417 inserted exception for matters within the jurisdiction of the Court of International Trade under section 1582 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–417 applicable with respect to civil actions commenced on or after the 90th day after Nov. 1, 1980, see section 701(c)(1)(B) of Pub. L. 96–417, set out as a note under section 251 of this title.